{"id":11512,"date":"2023-09-11T13:56:41","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T13:56:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/articles\/sheet-metal-bending-design-tips\/"},"modified":"2025-10-22T13:09:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T11:09:25","slug":"sheet-metal-bending-design-tips","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/articles\/sheet-metal-bending-design-tips\/","title":{"rendered":"Design Tips for Sheet Metal Bending: Best Techniques and Practices"},"content":{"rendered":"<div role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Table of Contents\" class=\"simpletoc wp-block-simpletoc-toc\"><h2 class=\"simpletoc-title\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#h-sheet-metal-bending-techniques\">Sheet Metal Bending Techniques<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#key-material-behavior-concepts\">Key Material Behavior Concepts<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"#design-rules-for-bending\">Design Rules for Bending<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"#h-bending-limitations-by-geometry\">Bending Limitations by Geometry<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"#h-tolerancing-and-fit-strategy\">Tolerancing and Fit Strategy<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"#h-the-final-fold-putting-dfm-into-practice\">The Final Fold: Putting DFM into Practice<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Bending is one of the most commonly used processes when forming sheet metal parts. It involves securing a flat sheet with a die or clamp and applying enough force to exceed the material\u2019s yield strength, causing plastic deformation. The operation changes the part\u2019s geometry\u2014typically into V-shapes, U-shapes, or channels\u2014without altering the sheet\u2019s volume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This guide offers engineers and designers a comprehensive overview of best practices, including how to select bending techniques, optimize part design, and ensure manufacturability through proper tolerances, features, radii, and compensation strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"nsuLlW-Aby8-69d72468a6da4\" data-video-id=\"nsuLlW-Aby8\" class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:56.25%;padding-top:56.25%;\" data-new-window=\"\" data-yt-parameters=\"\"><picture class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnail\"><source media=\"(min-width:640px)\" type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/nsuLlW-Aby8\/nsuLlW-Aby8_hq720.webp\"><source media=\"(min-width:640px)\" type=\"image\/jpeg\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/nsuLlW-Aby8\/nsuLlW-Aby8_hq720.jpg\"><source media=\"(min-width:320px)\" type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/nsuLlW-Aby8\/nsuLlW-Aby8_sddefault.webp\"><source media=\"(min-width:320px)\" type=\"image\/jpeg\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/nsuLlW-Aby8\/nsuLlW-Aby8_sddefault.jpg\"><source media=\"(min-width:240px)\" type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/nsuLlW-Aby8\/nsuLlW-Aby8_hqdefault.webp\"><source media=\"(min-width:240px)\" type=\"image\/jpeg\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/nsuLlW-Aby8\/nsuLlW-Aby8_hqdefault.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/nsuLlW-Aby8\/nsuLlW-Aby8_mqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/picture><svg class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-button\"><use xlink:href=\"#ma-gdpr-youtube-play-button\"><\/use><\/svg><div class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-notice\" style=\"font-size:.7em;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-sheet-metal-bending-techniques\"><strong><strong>Sheet Metal Bending Techniques<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Sheet metal bending is not a one-size-fits-all process. Each method\u2014such as air bending, bottoming, coining, or roll bending\u2014has unique implications for accuracy, springback, tooling needs, and cost. Understanding the practical trade-offs allows engineers to make better DfM (Design for Manufacturing) decisions at the design stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The table below compares common bending methods based on practical design tips:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bending Method<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Angle Accuracy<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Springback<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Practical Design Tips<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Material Thickness Range<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Limitations<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Air Bending:<\/strong> Punch presses sheet partially into V-die without bottoming out<br><\/td><td>Moderate (~\u00b11\u00b0)<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>Design with generous internal radii; anticipate large springback<\/td><td>0.5\u201310 mm<\/td><td>Less accurate angle control; springback varies by material<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bottoming: <\/strong>Punch presses fully into V-die, defined bend<br><\/td><td>High (~\u00b10.5\u00b0)<\/td><td>Low to Medium<\/td><td>Use matching punch and die angle; minimal springback means tighter tolerances<\/td><td>0.5\u201312 mm<\/td><td>Tooling changes required for different angles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Coining: <\/strong>Punch compresses material, causing slight thinning<br><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td>Very High (~\u00b10.2\u00b0)<\/td><td>Minimal (~0%)<\/td><td>Ideal for complex bends and high-repeatability parts<\/td><td>&lt; 6 mm<\/td><td>High tool wear; unsuitable for thicker materials<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>V-Bending: <\/strong>Forms sheet into V-shape using punch and die set<\/td><td>Moderate (~\u00b11\u00b0)<\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td>General-purpose; use with consistent radii; match die opening to material thickness<\/td><td>0.5\u201310 mm<\/td><td>Risk of cracking on sharp angles in brittle materials<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>U-Bending: <\/strong>Creates channel-shaped bend with U-shaped tooling<br><\/td><td>Moderate<\/td><td>Medium to High<\/td><td>Maintain consistent U-profile depth; avoid thin flanges near open ends<\/td><td>1\u201310 mm<\/td><td>Angle precision is lower; prone to deformation in small flanges<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rotary Bending: <\/strong>Sheet rotates around pivot point without scratching surface<br><\/td><td>High (~\u00b10.5\u00b0)<\/td><td>Low<\/td><td>Ideal for surface-sensitive materials (e.g., aluminum, coated parts)<\/td><td>0.5\u20134 mm<\/td><td>Limited to simple angles; specialized tooling cost<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Roll Bending: <\/strong>Forms sheet into large-radius curves through rollers<\/td><td>Low (\u00b12\u20133\u00b0)<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>Specify large radii clearly; minimum recommended radius \u2265 5\u00d7 sheet thickness<\/td><td>&gt; 1 mm<\/td><td>Not suitable for sharp bends; process takes longer; less predictable shape<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-material-behavior-concepts\">Key Material Behavior Concepts<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kfactor\">K-Factor<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>The K-Factor is a design parameter used to estimate how much a sheet metal part will stretch during bending. It defines the ratio between the neutral axis and the total sheet thickness. While it&#8217;s primarily a manufacturing value, understanding its role allows designers to better anticipate dimensional changes after bending.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K factor varies based on material properties (ductility and strength), inside bend radius relative to sheet thickness, bending method, and tooling precision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Recommendations for K Factor:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increase the K-factor for materials with higher ductility, such as copper and brass, to account for stretching.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soft materials and sharp bends tend to push the neutral axis closer to the inside surface, lowering the K-Factor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use a larger K-factor if bending angles exceed 120\u00b0 to compensate for material elongation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A K-Factor of 0.5 implies that the neutral axis lies halfway through the material.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The table below shows recommended K-factors for the most common sheet metal materials and bending techniques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Recommended K-Factors by Material and Bending Technique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Radius Range<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Aluminium 5082<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Aluminium 6061<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Aluminium 7075<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Stainless Steel 304<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Stainless Steel 316L<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Steel S235\/S355\/DC01<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Air Bending<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R \u2264 T<\/td><td>0.36<\/td><td>0.38<\/td><td>0.40<\/td><td>0.42<\/td><td>0.43<\/td><td>0.45<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T &lt; R \u2264 3T<\/td><td>0.40<\/td><td>0.42<\/td><td>0.44<\/td><td>0.46<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>0.48<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R &gt; 3T<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bottom Bending<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R \u2264 T<\/td><td>0.44<\/td><td>0.45<\/td><td>0.46<\/td><td>0.46<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>0.48<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T &lt; R \u2264 3T<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>0.48<\/td><td>0.49<\/td><td>0.48<\/td><td>0.49<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R &gt; 3T<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Coin Bending<\/strong><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R \u2264 T<\/td><td>0.41<\/td><td>0.43<\/td><td>0.45<\/td><td>0.44<\/td><td>0.45<\/td><td>0.46<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T &lt; R \u2264 3T<\/td><td>0.46<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>0.48<\/td><td>0.47<\/td><td>0.48<\/td><td>0.49<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R &gt; 3T<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><td>0.50<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>R: Inside bend radius, T: Material thickness<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"springback-amp-compensation-strategies\">Springback &amp; Compensation Strategies<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Sheet metal often tries to regain its original shape when the bending or punching force is released. This affects the dimensional accuracy of the parts and should be compensated for during the design. Springback effects depend on the material properties and bend radius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"535\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Example-of-springback-in-sheet-metal-bent-at-90-34-Reproduced-with-permission-from.png\" alt=\"Example of springback in sheet metal bent at 90\u00b0, Source: ResearchGate\" class=\"wp-image-121557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Example-of-springback-in-sheet-metal-bent-at-90-34-Reproduced-with-permission-from.png 850w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Example-of-springback-in-sheet-metal-bent-at-90-34-Reproduced-with-permission-from-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Example-of-springback-in-sheet-metal-bent-at-90-34-Reproduced-with-permission-from-768x483.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Example-of-springback-in-sheet-metal-bent-at-90-34-Reproduced-with-permission-from.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"Example of springback in sheet metal bent at 90\u00b0, Source: ResearchGate\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Example-of-springback-in-sheet-metal-bent-at-90-34-Reproduced-with-permission-from.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Example of springback in sheet metal bent at 90\u00b0, Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/Example-of-springback-in-sheet-metal-bent-at-90-34-Reproduced-with-permission-from_fig2_387050375\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ResearchGate<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design-Focused Strategies to Compensate Springback<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Overbend the part slightly to match the intended final geometry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid sharp bends in materials with high springback (e.g. 7075 Aluminium).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increase bend radius for ductile metals like copper to minimize stress concentration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Materials like stainless steel and aluminum require larger bend radii to reduce springback.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use lower-yield materials when tight angle tolerances are required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;Springback Compensation Formula<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An approximate formula to estimate springback angle (\u0394\u03b8):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0394\u03b8<\/strong> = <strong>(K x R) \/ T<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0394\u03b8<\/strong> = Springback angle (degrees)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K<\/strong> = Material constant (between 0.8\u20132.0, higher for stronger materials)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R<\/strong> = Inside bend radius<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T<\/strong> = Material thickness<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Springback Behavior by Material<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Material<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Springback Tendency<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Design Notes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aluminum 5082<\/td><td>Low to Medium<\/td><td>Good ductility, low risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aluminum 6061<\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td>Heat-treated alloys exhibit more springback<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aluminum 7075<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>Hard alloy, requires aggressive overbending<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stainless Steel 304<\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td>Elastic recovery must be factored in<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stainless Steel 316L<\/td><td>Medium to High<\/td><td>Overbending angle needed for accurate result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mild Steel (S235\/S355)<\/td><td>Low to Medium<\/td><td>Predictable behavior, low variance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bend-allowance-and-bend-deduction\">Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Accurate flat pattern design depends on understanding how sheet metal behaves during bending. Two key values help calculate precise unfolded lengths:<\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"nbspbend-allowance-ba\"> Bend Allowance (BA)<\/h4>\n\n\n<p><strong>Bend Allowance<\/strong> is the arc length of the bend as measured along the neutral axis. It quantifies the material that will be \u201cused up\u201d in the bend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bend Allowance Formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BA = A \u00d7 (\u03c0 \/ 180) \u00d7 (R + K \u00d7 T)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A = Bend angle (in degrees)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R = Inside bend radius<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T = Sheet thickness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K = K-Factor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bend-deduction-bd\">Bend Deduction (BD)<\/h4>\n\n\n<p><strong>Bend Deduction<\/strong> is the amount subtracted from the total length of the flanges to get the correct flat pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bend Deduction Formula:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BD = L1 + L2 \u2212 (BA + inside bend)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L = Flange length<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BA = Bend Allowance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For most 90\u00b0 bends, use bend tables for standard materials if formulas are too complex.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When bending high-strength alloys (e.g., 7075, 316L), expect larger BD due to springback and stress accumulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Always align grain direction perpendicular to the bend line to prevent cracking in aluminum and brittle steels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"design-rules-for-bending\">Design Rules for Bending<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>To ensure a hitch-free bend and to avoid deformation, the following tips and guidelines are vital when designing.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quick-reference-design-table-for-bending\">Quick Reference Design Table for Bending<\/h3>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Design Consideration<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Minimum or Recommended Value \/ Guideline<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Wall Thickness<\/strong><\/td><td>Maintain uniform thickness throughout the part; avoid abrupt transitions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bend Radius<\/strong><\/td><td>Internal radius \u2265 1\u00d7 material thickness (T); larger for brittle materials<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Distance Between Bends<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2265 3\u00d7 T; increase spacing for thick materials or tight geometries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Relief Cuts &amp; Notches<\/strong><\/td><td>Width \u2265 T; Length \u2265 Bend Radius + 0.5\u00d7 T, Notch spacing \u2265 3.2 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Holes \/ Cutouts Near Bends<\/strong><\/td><td>Holes: \u2265 2.5\u00d7 T from bend line; Slots: \u2265 4\u00d7 T from bend line<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Countersinks<\/strong><\/td><td>From bend: \u2265 3\u00d7 T; From edge: \u2265 4\u00d7 T; Depth \u2264 0.6\u00d7 T<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Curls<\/strong><\/td><td>Outer Radius \u2265 2\u00d7 T; Hole clearance \u2265 Curl Radius + T; Bend clearance \u2265 6\u00d7 T + Curl Radius<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Hems<\/strong><\/td><td>Flange Length \u2265 4\u00d7 T; Avoid closed hems if painted\/coated SS or Aluminum is used<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Minimum Flange Length<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2265 4\u00d7 T (check press brake tooling limits)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Minimum Leg Length<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2265 4\u00d7 T (\u2265 6\u00d7 T for high-strength or thick materials)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Alignment Features<\/strong><\/td><td>Use tabs, slots, and pins; avoid stacking multiple features near one bend<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Z-Bend Height<\/strong><\/td><td>Total Height \u2265 2.5\u00d7 T; Flange \u2265 1.5\u00d7 T; Spacing between Z-bends \u2265 3\u00d7 T<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>U-Profiles<\/strong><\/td><td>Internal Width \u2265 4\u00d7 T; Flange Height \u2265 2\u00d7 T; Inner Radius \u2265 1.5\u00d7 T<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Component Size Limits<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2264 3000 \u00d7 1500 mm (Steel\/Aluminum); \u2264 2500 \u00d7 1250 mm (Stainless Steel)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-keep-wall-thickness-uniform\">Keep Wall Thickness Uniform<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>The thickness of the sheet metal directly impacts the bend radius and other critical bending parameters, such as V-opening, bending force, and flange length. Understanding this relationship is crucial for ensuring the quality and durability of the bend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintaining uniform wall thickness ensures consistent bending behavior and prevents issues such as deformation, warping, or cracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maintain consistent thickness across the part.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid abrupt thickness changes or ribs near bends.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If thickness changes are necessary, design gradual transitions (at least 3\u00d7 sheet thickness) or use chamfers to reduce stress concentrations.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/thickness-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Uniform wall thickness in sheet metal bending design\" class=\"wp-image-1994\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/thickness-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/thickness-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/thickness-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/thickness.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/thickness.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/thickness.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"minimum-bendable-lengths-legs-and-flanges\">Minimum Bendable Lengths: Legs and Flanges<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>The minimum length of a bendable leg or flange is defined by the material thickness, bending method, and tooling geometry. Short legs that are too small relative to thickness may not form properly or may result in inaccurate angles and warping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers-1024x415.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2004\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers-1024x415.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers-1536x623.png 1536w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers-2048x831.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/flanges-and-chamfers.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For air bending, leg\/flange length should be <strong>\u2265 4 \u00d7 T<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For bottoming, increase to \u2265 6 \u00d7 T<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid placing holes, notches, or edges too close to these short bends.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Short flanges may require special forming tools or secondary operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In Z-bends, both legs must meet this minimum to avoid tool collisions.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Exact values depend on material type, bend angle, and press tooling. Use the following tables as practical minimum leg length values for typical tooling configurations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Minimum Leg Length \u2013 Steel and Aluminum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Material Thickness (T)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Min. Leg Length \u2265 (90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Min. Leg Length \u2265 (&lt;90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.0 mm<\/td><td>6 mm<\/td><td>10 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.5 mm<\/td><td>8 mm<\/td><td>10.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.0 mm<\/td><td>9.5 mm<\/td><td>13 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.5 mm<\/td><td>12 mm<\/td><td>15.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.0 mm<\/td><td>12.5 mm<\/td><td>22 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.0 mm<\/td><td>18 mm<\/td><td>22.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5.0 mm<\/td><td>23 mm<\/td><td>23 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6.0 mm<\/td><td>30 mm<\/td><td>30 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8.0 mm<\/td><td>43 mm<\/td><td>43 mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>* These values apply to air bending with standard V-dies. For coining or bottom bending, shorter legs may be possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Minimum Leg Length \u2013 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Material Thickness (T)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Min. Leg Length \u2265 x (90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Min. Leg Length \u2265 x (&lt;90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.0 mm<\/td><td>6 mm<\/td><td>10 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.5 mm<\/td><td>8 mm<\/td><td>10.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.0 mm<\/td><td>9.5 mm<\/td><td>13 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.5 mm<\/td><td>12 mm<\/td><td>15.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.0 mm<\/td><td>15 mm<\/td><td>22 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.0 mm<\/td><td>18 mm<\/td><td>22.6 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5.0 mm<\/td><td>29.5 mm<\/td><td>29.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6.0 mm<\/td><td>42 mm<\/td><td>42 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8.0 mm<\/td><td>43 mm<\/td><td>43 mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>* These values apply to air bending with standard V-dies. For coining or bottom bending, shorter legs may be possible.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bends-radius-amp-orientation\"><strong>Bends: Radius &amp; Orientation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/articles\/sheet-metal-bend-radius-table-calculator\/\">bend radius<\/a> plays a critical role in ensuring structural integrity and avoiding cracks. A too-small radius can overstress the material, especially with thicker or less ductile metals (316L or 7075). Larger radii improve formability and reduce springback, especially for materials like stainless steel and aluminum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/radius-1024x416.png\" alt=\"The smallest bend radius should at least be equal to the sheet thickness\" class=\"wp-image-1995\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/radius-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/radius-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/radius-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/radius.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/radius.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"The smallest bend radius should at least be equal to the sheet thickness\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/radius.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The smallest bend radius should at least be equal to the sheet thickness<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bend-orientation-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Keeping bends in the same plane in one direction also helps to save time and money by preventing part reorientation\" class=\"wp-image-1996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bend-orientation-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bend-orientation-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bend-orientation-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bend-orientation.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bend-orientation.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"Keeping bends in the same plane in one direction also helps to save time and money by preventing part reorientation\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bend-orientation.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Keeping bends in the same plane in one direction also helps to save time and money by preventing part reorientation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use a minimum internal radius of \u2265 1 \u00d7 T for most ductile metals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For harder materials, increase to \u2265 1.5 \u00d7 T to prevent cracking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid specifying sharp or zero-radius bends. These concentrate stress and are likely to cause cracking\u2014particularly in stainless steels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If a sharp profile is required visually, use post-machining or chamfering rather than tight bending.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maintain consistent radii across multi-bend parts to simplify tooling and reduce cost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Check tooling limitations if designing very tight bends or complex geometries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/articles\/sheet-metal-bend-radius-table-calculator\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Sheet-metal-bending-machine-closeup.webp\" alt=\"Sheet metal bending machine closeup\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/articles\/sheet-metal-bend-radius-table-calculator\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"aside-link\">Minimum Bend Radius For Sheet Metal: Reference Table &amp; Calculator Radius Reference Table For Sheet Metal<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-interactive-air-bend-force-chart\"><strong><strong>Interactive Air Bend Force Chart<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<div class=\"bend-radius-tool\">\r\n    <!-- Header Section -->\r\n    <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header\">\r\n        <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__flex\">\r\n            <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__item\">\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__title\">Material:<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__row\">\r\n                    <button class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn \"  data-material=\"aluminium\">Aluminium<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn active\" data-material=\"steel\">Steel<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn\" data-material=\"stainless_steel\">Stainless  Steel<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__item\">\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__title\">Units:<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__row\">\r\n                    <button class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn active\" data-unit=\"metric\">Metric<\/button>\r\n                    <button class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn\" data-unit=\"imperial\">Imperial<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n                    <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__item\">\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__title \"> Download chart:<\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__row\">\r\n                    <a  id=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn_download_png\"href=\"\" class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn_download\" download\r\n                    data-url-aluminium-metric = \"\"\r\n                    data-url-aluminium-imperial = \"\"\r\n                    data-url-steel-metric = \"\"\r\n                    data-url-steel-imperial = \"\"\r\n                    data-url-stainless_steel-metric = \"\"\r\n                    data-url-stainless_steel-imperial = \"\"\r\n                    >\r\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/themes\/xometry\/assets\/images\/icon_png.svg\" alt=\"\">\r\n                        PNG\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/EN-Air-Bending-Force-Chart-Xometry.pdf\" class=\"bend-radius-tool-header__btn_download\" download >\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/themes\/xometry\/assets\/images\/icon_pdf.svg\" alt=\"\">\r\n                        PDF\r\n                        <\/a>\r\n                                    <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Table Section -->\r\n     <div class=\"bend-radius-tool__wrap\">\r\n        <table class=\"bend-radius-tool-table\">\r\n            <thead><tr><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_vertical bend-radius-tool__cell_light-blue bend-radius-tool__cell_metric\"><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_dark-blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric'><a href='#v'>V, mm <span class='bend-radius-tool__info'>i<\/span><\/a><\/td><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>6<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>8<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>10<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>12<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>16<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>20<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>25<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>32<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>40<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>50<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>63<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>80<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>100<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>125<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>160<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>200<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>250<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>320<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>400<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>500<\/th><td rowspan=\"4\" class=\"bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_vertical bend-radius-tool__cell_light-blue bend-radius-tool__cell_metric\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_dark-blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric'><a href='#b'>b, mm <span class='bend-radius-tool__info'>i<\/span><\/a><\/td><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>4<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>5.5<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>7<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>8.5<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>11<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>14<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>17.5<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>22<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>28<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>35<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>45<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>55<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>71<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>89<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>113<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>140<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>175<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>226<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>280<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>350<\/th><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_dark-blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric'><a href='#ir'>ir, mm <span class='bend-radius-tool__info'>i<\/span><\/a><\/td><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>1<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>1.3<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>1.6<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>2<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>2.6<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>3.3<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>4<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>5<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>6.5<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>8<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>10<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>13<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>16<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>20<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>26<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>33<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>41<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>53<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>65<\/th><th class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue'>83<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"19\" class=\"bend-radius-tool__cell_vertical bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_dark-blue bend-radius-tool__cell_metric\"><a href=\"#t\">t, mm <span class=\"bend-radius-tool__info\">i<\/span><\/a><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='0.5'>0.5<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>4<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>4.4<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td rowspan=\"19\" class=\"bend-radius-tool__cell_vertical bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_dark-blue bend-radius-tool__cell_metric\"><a href=\"#f\">F, t\/m <span class=\"bend-radius-tool__info\">i<\/span><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='0.8'>0.8<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>4<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>5.5<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>7<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='1'>1<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>11<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>8<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>7<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>6<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='1.2'>1.2<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>16<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>12<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>10<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>8<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>6<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='1.5'>1.5<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>17<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>15<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>13<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>9<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>8<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='2'>2<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>27<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>22<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>17<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>13<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>11<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='2.5'>2.5<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>35<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>26<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>21<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>17<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>13<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='3'>3<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>38<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>30<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>24<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>19<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>15<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='4'>4<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>54<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>42<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>34<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>27<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>21<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='5'>5<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>67<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>52<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>42<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>33<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>26<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='6'>6<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>75<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>60<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>48<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>38<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>30<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='8'>8<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>107<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>85<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>68<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>53<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>43<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='10'>10<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>134<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>105<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>85<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>67<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>53<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='12'>12<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>153<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>120<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>95<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>78<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>60<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='15'>15<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>188<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>150<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>120<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>95<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>75<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='20'>20<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>215<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>170<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>135<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>108<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>85<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='25'>25<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>265<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>210<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>170<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>130<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>105<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_blue bend-radius-tool__cell_fixed bend-radius-tool__cell_metric' data-value='30'>30<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell'><\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>300<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>240<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>190<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell bend-radius-tool__cell_value-blue'>150<\/td><td class='bend-radius-tool__cell_value bend-radius-tool__cell '>120<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>        <\/table>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <!-- Legend Section -->\r\n    <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-legend \">\r\n        <span><b>t<\/b> = Sheet thickness<\/span>\r\n        <span><b>V<\/b> = Die V-opening<\/span>\r\n        <span><b>b<\/b> = Minimum flange length<\/span>  \r\n        <span><b>ir<\/b> = Internal radius <\/span>\r\n        <span><b>F<\/b>= Bending force<\/span>\r\n        <span><b style=\"color: #007bff;\">68<\/b> &#8211; Blue colored values are <span style='color: #007bff;'>optimal<\/span><\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"bend-radius-tool-legend\">\r\n    *This chart is applicable to structural steels with an approximate yield strength of 400 MPa, specifically when formed into a 90\u00b0 angle.     \r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bend-radius-calculator__btn blue_btn\" id=\"bend-radius-calculator__btn\">Open calculator<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bend-radius-calculator__sticky\" id=\"bend-radius-calculator__btn_stiky\">\r\n    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"26\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 26 32\" fill=\"none\">\r\n    <path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M3.81287 0C1.74709 0 0.0625 1.68459 0.0625 3.75037V28.2496C0.0625 30.3154 1.74709 32 3.81287 32H22.1871C24.2529 32 25.9375 30.3154 25.9375 28.2496V3.75037C25.9375 1.68459 24.2529 0 22.1871 0H3.81287ZM5.34351 4.59375H20.6565C21.8737 4.59375 22.875 5.59509 22.875 6.81226V6.81276C22.875 8.02993 21.8737 9.03125 20.6565 9.03125H5.34351C4.12632 9.03125 3.125 8.02991 3.125 6.81274V6.81224C3.125 5.59507 4.12632 4.59375 5.34351 4.59375ZM5.34375 12.25C6.56099 12.25 7.5625 13.2515 7.5625 14.4688C7.5625 15.686 6.56099 16.6875 5.34375 16.6875C4.12651 16.6875 3.125 15.686 3.125 14.4688C3.125 13.2515 4.12651 12.25 5.34375 12.25ZM13 12.25C14.2172 12.25 15.2188 13.2515 15.2188 14.4688C15.2188 15.686 14.2172 16.6875 13 16.6875C11.7828 16.6875 10.7812 15.686 10.7812 14.4688C10.7812 13.2515 11.7828 12.25 13 12.25ZM20.6562 12.25C21.8735 12.25 22.875 13.2515 22.875 14.4688C22.875 15.686 21.8735 16.6875 20.6562 16.6875C19.439 16.6875 18.4375 15.686 18.4375 14.4688C18.4375 13.2515 19.439 12.25 20.6562 12.25ZM5.34375 18.375C6.56099 18.375 7.5625 19.3765 7.5625 20.5938C7.5625 21.811 6.56099 22.8125 5.34375 22.8125C4.12651 22.8125 3.125 21.811 3.125 20.5938C3.125 19.3765 4.12651 18.375 5.34375 18.375ZM13 18.375C14.2172 18.375 15.2188 19.3765 15.2188 20.5938C15.2188 21.811 14.2172 22.8125 13 22.8125C11.7828 22.8125 10.7812 21.811 10.7812 20.5938C10.7812 19.3765 11.7828 18.375 13 18.375ZM20.656 18.375H20.6565C21.8737 18.375 22.875 19.3763 22.875 20.5935V26.719C22.875 27.9362 21.8736 28.9375 20.6565 28.9375H20.656C19.4388 28.9375 18.4375 27.9362 18.4375 26.719V20.5935C18.4375 19.3763 19.4388 18.375 20.656 18.375ZM5.34375 24.5C6.56099 24.5 7.5625 25.5015 7.5625 26.7188C7.5625 27.936 6.56099 28.9375 5.34375 28.9375C4.12651 28.9375 3.125 27.936 3.125 26.7188C3.125 25.5015 4.12651 24.5 5.34375 24.5ZM13 24.5C14.2172 24.5 15.2188 25.5015 15.2188 26.7188C15.2188 27.936 14.2172 28.9375 13 28.9375C11.7828 28.9375 10.7812 27.936 10.7812 26.7188C10.7812 25.5015 11.7828 24.5 13 24.5Z\" fill=\"white\"\/>\r\n    <\/svg>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"modal_overlay\" id=\"bend-radius-calculator__overlay\"><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bend-radius-calculator\" id=\"bend-radius-calculator\">\r\n    <h3 class=\"bend-radius-calculator__title\">\r\n        <strong>\r\n            Sheet Metal Bending Radius Calculator          <\/strong>\r\n    <\/h3>\r\n    <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator__wrap\">\r\n        <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator__content\">\r\n            <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result\">\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator__subtitle\">Results<\/div>\r\n                <table class=\"bend-radius-calculator__table\">\r\n                    <tbody>\r\n                        <tr class=\"\"><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">4<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">17.5<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">25<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">67<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"\"><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">5<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">22<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">32<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">52<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__row-optimal\"><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">6.5<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">28<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">40<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">42<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__row-optimal\"><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">8<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">35<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">50<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal\">33<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"\"><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">10<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">45<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">63<\/td><td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell\">26<\/td><\/tr>                    <\/tbody>\r\n                    <tfoot>\r\n                        <tr>\r\n                            <td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell_footer\">ir, <span class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__unit\" data-metric=\"mm\" data-imperial=\"in\">mm<\/span><\/td>\r\n                            <td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell_footer\">b, <span class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__unit\" data-metric=\"mm\" data-imperial=\"in\">mm<\/span><\/td>\r\n                            <td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell_footer\">V, <span class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__unit\" data-metric=\"mm\" data-imperial=\"in\">mm<\/span><\/td>\r\n                            <td class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__cell_footer\">F, <span class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__unit\" data-metric=\"t\/m\" data-imperial=\"t\/ft\">t\/m<\/span><\/td>\r\n                        <\/tr>\r\n                    <\/tfoot>\r\n                <\/table>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker\">\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator__subtitle\"><span>Select sheet thickness (<span class=\"bend-radius-calculator-result__unit\" data-metric=\"mm\" data-imperial=\"in\">mm<\/span>)<span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__wrap\">\r\n                    <ul class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__list\">\r\n                        <li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"0.5\">0.5<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"0.8\">0.8<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"1\">1<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"1.2\">1.2<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"1.5\">1.5<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"2\">2<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"2.5\">2.5<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"3\">3<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"4\">4<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item bend-radius-calculator-picker__item_selected\" data-value=\"5\">5<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"6\">6<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"8\">8<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"10\">10<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"12\">12<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"15\">15<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"20\">20<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"25\">25<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item \" data-value=\"30\">30<\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li><li class=\"bend-radius-calculator-picker__item\"><\/li>                    <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-img\">\r\n           <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-img__wrap\">\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-img__item bend-radius-calculator-img__item_b\">b <span>17.5-45<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-img__item bend-radius-calculator-img__item_ir\">ir <span>4-10<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-img__item bend-radius-calculator-img__item_f\">F <span>18.2-46.9<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-img__item bend-radius-calculator-img__item_t\">t <span>5<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"bend-radius-calculator-img__item bend-radius-calculator-img__item_v\">V <span>25-63<\/span><\/div>\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/themes\/xometry\/template-parts\/blocks\/bend-radius-tool-block\/img\/sheet-metal-bending-radius-illustration.svg\" alt=\"\"> \r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n    .bend-radius-tool tbody tr:nth-child(16) td:not(.bend-radius-tool__cell_imperial):nth-child(2),\r\n    .bend-radius-tool tbody tr:nth-child(16) td.bend-radius-tool__cell_imperial +td:not(.bend-radius-tool__cell_imperial),\r\n    .bend-radius-tool tbody tr:nth-child(2) td:last-child{\r\n        position: relative;\r\n    }\r\n   .bend-radius-tool tbody tr:nth-child(16) td:not(.bend-radius-tool__cell_imperial):nth-child(2):before,\r\n   .bend-radius-tool tbody tr:nth-child(16) td.bend-radius-tool__cell_imperial +td:not(.bend-radius-tool__cell_imperial):before,\r\n   .bend-radius-tool tbody tr:nth-child(2) td:last-child:before {\r\n    content:\"Smaller v-opening requires increased force and is not recommended\";\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    color: #8495A3;\r\n    top: 4px;\r\n    left: 12px;\r\n    text-align: left;\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 20px;\r\n    width: 266px;  \r\n    }\r\n    .bend-radius-tool tbody tr:nth-child(2) td:last-child:before{\r\n        content: \"Larger v-openings are possible, they require less force\";\r\n        text-align: right;\r\n        left: unset;\r\n        right:12px;\r\n    }\r\n    .bend-radius-calculator-result__optimal:first-child:before {\r\n        content: \"Optimal values\";\r\n    }\r\n<\/style>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bends-placing-bends-next-to-each-other\"><strong>Bends: Placing Bends Next to Each Other<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>You should avoid successive bends except where absolutely necessary. A common problem for successive bends is the difficulty of fitting the bent parts on the die. However, when unavoidable, the intermediate part should be longer than the flanges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/placing-bends-next-to-each-other-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Placing bends next to each other - Sheet Metal Bending design\" class=\"wp-image-1997\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/placing-bends-next-to-each-other-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/placing-bends-next-to-each-other-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/placing-bends-next-to-each-other-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/placing-bends-next-to-each-other.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/placing-bends-next-to-each-other.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/placing-bends-next-to-each-other.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-features-around-bends-holes-notches-amp-reliefs\">Features Around Bends: Holes, Notches &amp; Reliefs<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Incorrect placement of features near bend lines can lead to deformation, stress accumulation, or tooling complications. This includes holes, slots, extrusions, and bend reliefs. Thoughtful spacing and geometry choices are essential for preserving part quality during forming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hole-to-bend-distance-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Correct placement of holes in sheet metal bending \" class=\"wp-image-1999\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hole-to-bend-distance-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hole-to-bend-distance-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hole-to-bend-distance-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hole-to-bend-distance.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hole-to-bend-distance.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hole-to-bend-distance.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/slot-to-bend-distance-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Correct placement of slots in sheet metal bending \" class=\"wp-image-2000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/slot-to-bend-distance-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/slot-to-bend-distance-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/slot-to-bend-distance-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/slot-to-bend-distance.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/slot-to-bend-distance.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/slot-to-bend-distance.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avoid placing features too close to bends. Distortion or tearing may occur during forming.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use obround or tear-drop holes instead of round holes near bends to minimize stress.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add bend reliefs if the bend is closer than 2 \u00d7 material thickness from any edge or cutout.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Round all relief corners to prevent crack initiation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add slot-style or tear-drop reliefs for thin sheets to reduce wrinkling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distribute features across the part rather than clustering them near bends.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Account for laser kerf and edge burn when sizing reliefs or notches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reliefs-cut-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Correct placement of bend relief\" class=\"wp-image-1998\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reliefs-cut-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reliefs-cut-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reliefs-cut-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reliefs-cut.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reliefs-cut.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/reliefs-cut.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Feature Type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Min. Distance from Bend<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Min. Distance from Edge<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hole (Standard)<\/td><td>\u2265 2.5 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2265 1.5 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>Round shapes preferred<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slot (Radiused Ends)<\/td><td>\u2265 4 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2265 2 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>Use for stress relief near bends<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Extruded Hole<\/td><td>\u2265 3 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2265 2.5 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>Reinforce or move away from bend line<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Obround\/Tear-Drop<\/td><td>\u2265 2 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2265 1.5 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>Good for tight spacing around bends<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bend Relief Width<\/td><td>\u2265 1 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Use rectangular or tear-drop shape reliefs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bend Relief Length<\/td><td>\u2265 R + 0.5 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Extend slightly past the bend line<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Notch-to-Bend Distance<\/td><td>\u2265 3 \u00d7 T + R<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Prevent stress at transitions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Notch Spacing<\/td><td>\u2265 3.2 mm<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><td>Maintain between adjacent features<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1-1024x415.png\" alt=\"Tabs &amp; Notches in Sheet Metal Bending Deisgn\" class=\"wp-image-2005\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1-1024x415.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1-1536x623.png 1536w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1-2048x831.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"0><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tabs-and-notches_1.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"use-standard-bending-angles\">Use Standard Bending Angles<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Non-standard angles require specialized tooling, increasing cost and complexity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prefer 30\u00b0, 45\u00b0, 60\u00b0, and 90\u00b0 angles where possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid angles sharper than 90\u00b0 in high-strength materials to minimize cracking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reuse same-angle features across parts when possible to reduce die changes and machining time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"countersinks\">Countersinks<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Countersinks are used to recess flat-head fasteners into sheet metal. When placed too close to bends or edges, they can cause deformation, misalignment, or cracking \u2014 especially in thin or hard materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Place countersinks <strong>\u2265 3 \u00d7 T<\/strong> away from bend lines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep <strong>\u2265 4 \u00d7 T<\/strong> distance from sheet edges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leave <strong>\u2265 8 \u00d7 T<\/strong> between adjacent countersinks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limit countersink depth to <strong>\u2264 0.6 \u00d7 T<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use a standard angle of <strong>82\u00b0 (US)<\/strong> or <strong>90\u00b0 (metric)<\/strong> based on screw specification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/countersinks-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Countersinks in sheet metal bending design \" class=\"wp-image-2001\" style=\"max-width:840px;max-height:341px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/countersinks-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/countersinks-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/countersinks-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/countersinks.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/countersinks.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"1><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/countersinks.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-curls\">Curls<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Curls are rolled edges that improve part safety by removing sharp edges and increasing structural stiffness. They\u2019re commonly used in enclosures, covers, or parts handled by operators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Minimum Outside Radius:<\/strong> \u2265 2 \u00d7 T<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hole Clearance (from Curl):<\/strong> \u2265 (Curl radius + T)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distance from Other Bends:<\/strong> \u2265 6 \u00d7 T + curl radius<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Curl Opening:<\/strong> For open curls, maintain at least 1.5 \u00d7 T<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/curl-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Curls in sheet metal bending design\" class=\"wp-image-2002\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/curl-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/curl-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/curl-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/curl.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/curl.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"2><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/curl.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hems\">Hems<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Hems are folded edges used to reinforce part edges or eliminate sharp borders. They can be open, teardrop, or closed, depending on use case. Open and teardrop hems are easier to manufacture, while closed hems may present paint or material compatibility issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For hinge-like functions, prefer <strong>open<\/strong> or <strong>teardrop<\/strong> hems over closed ones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid closed hems in designs with tight tolerance or complex coatings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Be aware that <strong>closed hems may increase springback risk<\/strong> due to their sharp forming geometry.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Hem Type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hem Inside Diameter<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Flange Length Recommendation<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Open<\/td><td>\u2265 1 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2265 4 \u00d7 T<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Teardrop<\/td><td>= 1 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2265 4 \u00d7 T<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Closed<\/td><td>\u2264 1 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>\u2265 4 \u00d7 T<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hems-1024x416.png\" alt=\"Hem types in sheet metal bending design\" class=\"wp-image-2003\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hems-1024x416.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hems-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hems-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hems.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hems.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-11512\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"3><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/hems.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-bending-limitations-by-geometry\">Bending Limitations by Geometry<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"respect-minimum-zbend-heights\">Respect Minimum Z-Bend Heights<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>A Z-bend involves two parallel bends in opposite directions, creating a Z-shaped profile.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z-bends (offset bends) require a minimum vertical step height to accommodate the lower tool during bending. It depends on factors like material thickness, die slot width, and the specific bending process used and avoids tooling collisions or material distortion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For manufacturability, minimum Z-bend height should be \u2265 2.5\u00d7 sheet thickness (T), ensuring sufficient tool clearance and structural integrity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maintain flange length \u2265 1.5 \u00d7 T to ensure proper tool engagement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid tight Z-bends in high-strength alloys like stainless steel 316L or aluminum 7075.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consider increasing step height beyond minimums for tight tolerances or cosmetic surfaces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the material-specific guidelines in the reference tables below to determine safe step heights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Z-Bend Step Height \u2013 Steel &amp; Aluminum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Material Thickness (T)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Step Height \u2265 X (\u2265 90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Step Height \u2265 X (&lt; 90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.0 mm<\/td><td>8.5 mm<\/td><td>18.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.5 mm<\/td><td>10.5 mm<\/td><td>19.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.0 mm<\/td><td>14 mm<\/td><td>20.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.5 mm<\/td><td>19 mm<\/td><td>26 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.0 mm<\/td><td>20 mm<\/td><td>35 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.0 mm<\/td><td>26 mm<\/td><td>35.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5.0 mm<\/td><td>34 mm<\/td><td>34 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6.0 mm<\/td><td>42.5 mm<\/td><td>42.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8.0 mm<\/td><td>61 mm<\/td><td>61 mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>Z-Bend Step Height \u2013 Stainless Steel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Material Thickness (T)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Step Height \u2265 X (\u2265 90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Step Height \u2265 X (&lt; 90\u00b0)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>1.0<\/td><td>9.0<\/td><td>19.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.5<\/td><td>11.0<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.0<\/td><td>14.5<\/td><td>21.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.5<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><td>26.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.0<\/td><td>25.0<\/td><td>36.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.0<\/td><td>27.5<\/td><td>38.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5.0<\/td><td>43.5<\/td><td>44.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6.0<\/td><td>63.5<\/td><td>63.5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"optimize-uprofiles-for-manufacturability\">Optimize U-Profiles for Manufacturability<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>U-profiles (also called channels) are common in brackets, enclosures, and structural parts. However, overly tight or deep profiles can cause forming challenges, such as wrinkling, springback, or tool interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Internal width \u2265 4 \u00d7 T<\/strong> to allow tool access and prevent wrinkling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flange height \u2265 2 \u00d7 T<\/strong> to maintain part rigidity and avoid deformation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Inner bend radius \u2265 1.5 \u00d7 T<\/strong> to reduce cracking risk, especially in high-strength alloys.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add <strong>relief notches<\/strong> at flange-base intersections to reduce stress concentration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For <strong>deep<\/strong> or <strong>long U-channels:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Break bending into multiple operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add internal ribs or gussets to support long flanges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consider shortening legs or widening the base for formability.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-tolerancing-and-fit-strategy\"><strong>Tolerancing and Fit Strategy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>This next part of the article highlights practical guidelines to determine optimal component sizing, precise tolerances, and fit strategies, critical to successful fabrication and assembly.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"consider-component-size-limitations\">Consider Component Size Limitations<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Sheet metal components must stay within machine and material constraints. Oversized parts may warp or distort during handling, while undersized parts may be difficult to bend accurately or hold securely in tooling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Design Tips:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Keep part sizes within <strong>standard sheet formats<\/strong> to reduce waste and cost.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use <strong>stiffening flanges or ribs<\/strong> to minimize distortion in large panels.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respect standard machine limits:<br>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Max size:<\/strong> ~3000 \u00d7 1500 mm<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Min size (by thickness):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to 5 mm: \u2265 10 \u00d7 10 mm<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6\u201315 mm: \u2265 20 \u00d7 20 mm<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>16\u201320 mm: \u2265 25 \u00d7 25 mm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tolerances-and-fit-strategies\">Tolerances and Fit Strategies<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Precise tolerancing is essential to ensure reliable manufacturing, especially when dealing with springback, tooling variation, or multi-step forming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tolerance Recommendations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/articles\/geometric-dimensioning-and-tolerancing-gdt\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/shutterstock_1567792027-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"engineering drawing, geometric dimensioning and tolerances\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/articles\/geometric-dimensioning-and-tolerancing-gdt\/\" class=\"aside-link\">GD&amp;T: Geometric Dimensioning &amp; Tolerancing Explained<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>General tolerance recommendation is \u00b10.5 mm for non-critical dimensions. Use \u00b10.25 mm for features that require tighter fit such as flange heights or hole positioning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apply tighter tolerances only where essential\u2014e.g., hole alignment, mating interfaces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use GD&amp;T (e.g., true position) instead of chained dimensions for multi-bend parts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allow tolerance for welding, coating, or post-machining steps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fit Optimization Tips<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prefer clearance fits (0.1\u20130.3 mm typical) for easy assembly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Add alignment aids like tabs, notches, or slots to control part position.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Design integrated flanges\/brackets to reduce part count and assembly steps.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leave clearance for fastening tools (screwdrivers, rivet guns, weld tips).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>General Tolerancing Guidelines<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Recommended Tolerance<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bend angle (air bending)<\/td><td>\u00b11\u00b0<\/td><td>Bottoming: \u00b10.5\u00b0, Coining: \u00b10.25\u00b0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flat pattern dimensions<\/td><td>\u00b10.25 mm<\/td><td>For non-critical features<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hole diameters (laser cut)<\/td><td>\u00b10.1 mm<\/td><td>\u00b10.2 mm for punching<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hole positioning<\/td><td>\u00b10.2\u20130.3 mm<\/td><td>Tighter if alignment is critical<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flange heights<\/td><td>\u00b10.25 mm<\/td><td>Depends on springback and bending method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tab-to-tab distance<\/td><td>\u2265 1 mm or 1 \u00d7 T<\/td><td>Whichever is greater<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Notch-to-notch distance<\/td><td>\u2265 3.175 mm<\/td><td>From edge or bend<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-final-fold-putting-dfm-into-practice\">The Final Fold: Putting DFM into Practice<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Whether you\u2019re prototyping a simple bracket or scaling production for aerospace components, success in <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/en\/sheet-metal\/\">sheet metal bending<\/a> starts with informed design. This guide has walked through key principles \u2014 from bend radii and springback to flange design and tolerance planning. Ready to take your designs further? Connect with engineers on <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/community\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Xometry Pro Community<\/a> to get feedback, swap techniques, or share your most clever workaround. Every smart design improves the next one.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66,"featured_media":11514,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[],"c-tag-articles":[],"global-tag":[581,699],"class_list":["post-11512","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","global-tag-sheet-metal-eu","global-tag-design-eu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.7 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Design Tips for Sheet Metal Bending: Best Techniques &amp; Practices | Xometry Pro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn best practices for sheet metal bending, including design tips, tolerances, radii, and manufacturability strategies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en-eu\/articles\/sheet-metal-bending-design-tips\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Design Tips for Sheet Metal Bending: Best Techniques &amp; 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