{"id":22153,"date":"2023-12-08T16:01:41","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T16:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/articles\/cnc-machining-surface-roughness\/"},"modified":"2025-03-05T12:17:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-05T11:17:51","slug":"cnc-machining-surface-roughness","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/articles\/cnc-machining-surface-roughness\/","title":{"rendered":"CNC Machining Surface Roughness: Main Indicators and Different Roughness Levels"},"content":{"rendered":"<div role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Table of Contents\" class=\"simpletoc wp-block-simpletoc-toc\"><h2 class=\"simpletoc-title\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#what-is-cnc-machining-surface-roughness\">What is CNC Machining Surface Roughness<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#common-cnc-machining-surface-roughness-levels\">Common CNC Machining Surface Roughness Levels<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#how-postprocessing-operations-impact-the-surface-roughness-of-machined-parts\">How Post-Processing Operations Impact the Surface Roughness of Machined Parts<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h-how-is-surface-roughness-measured-nbsp\">How is Surface Roughness Measured?&nbsp;<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cnc-machining-surface-roughness-indicators\">CNC Machining Surface Roughness Indicators<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"#surface-roughness-grades\">Surface Roughness Grades<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#roughness-grades-achievable-and-not-achievable-with-cnc-machining\">Roughness Grades Achievable and not Achievable with CNC Machining<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#how-to-choose-the-most-suitable-cnc-machining-surface-roughness\">How To Choose the Most Suitable CNC Machining Surface Roughness<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h-ordering-cnc-machined-parts-nbsp\">Ordering CNC Machined Parts&nbsp;<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h-ra-rz-n-surface-roughness-conversion-tool\">Ra &#8211; Rz &#8211; N Surface Roughness Conversion Tool<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-cnc-machining-surface-roughness\"><strong>What is CNC Machining Surface Roughness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>CNC machining surface roughness measures the imperfections or texture on the surface of a machined part. Think of it as the bumps and grooves you\u2019d see under a microscope \u2014 it\u2019s all about the tiny details you can\u2019t see with the naked eye. Even after processes such as blasting, polishing, or other applied surface finishes, some degree of roughness may remain. These surface irregularities are an inherent result of CNC machining, a subtractive manufacturing process in which material is removed from workpieces using cutting tools. The cuts left by these tools form irregularities, often invisible to the naked eye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surface roughness is critical in determining the performance of CNC machined parts, as it directly influences key parameters such as the friction coefficient, noise level, wear and tear, heat generation, and adhesiveness. If you\u2019ve ever wondered why some components fit together perfectly while others don\u2019t \u2014 it\u2019s all down to tolerance and roughness.&nbsp; These factors are vital in selecting the most appropriate surface roughness level for specific applications, making it an essential consideration for engineers and manufacturers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surface roughness is not always undesirable. It\u2019s not all about making things as smooth as possible. In some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xometry.com\/capabilities\/cnc-machining-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CNC machined parts<\/a>, specific roughness levels are required as part of product manufacturing guidelines. For example, certain machined parts may rely on rougher surfaces to enhance adhesion or performance under specific conditions. Manufacturers may need to refine surface irregularities to meet the intended purpose of the machined part, highlighting the importance of carefully evaluating and specifying surface roughness levels in the production process.<\/p>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/articles\/cnc-machining-finishes\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/CNC-machined-part-with-a-nickel-plating-surface-finish-previously-polished.webp\" alt=\"CNC machined part with a nickel plating surface finish, previously polished\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/articles\/cnc-machining-finishes\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Surface Finishes for CNC Machining<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-cnc-machining-surface-roughness-levels\"><strong>Common CNC Machining Surface Roughness Levels<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s break this down into real-world applications. The table below outlines common CNC machining surface roughness levels, their recommended applications, and the impact on machining time and cost.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"custom-table-block \" id=\"table-id-555\" >\r\n\t<div class=\"search-input-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t<svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n\t\t\t<path d=\"M15.7812 13.833L12.6659 10.7177C12.5252 10.5771 12.3346 10.499 12.1347 10.499H11.6253C12.4877 9.39596 13.0002 8.00859 13.0002 6.49937C13.0002 2.90909 10.0911 0 6.50083 0C2.91056 0 0.00146484 2.90909 0.00146484 6.49937C0.00146484 10.0896 2.91056 12.9987 6.50083 12.9987C8.01006 12.9987 9.39742 12.4863 10.5004 11.6239V12.1332C10.5004 12.3332 10.5786 12.5238 10.7192 12.6644L13.8345 15.7797C14.1282 16.0734 14.6032 16.0734 14.8938 15.7797L15.778 14.8954C16.0718 14.6017 16.0718 14.1267 15.7812 13.833ZM6.50083 10.499C4.29167 10.499 2.50122 8.71165 2.50122 6.49937C2.50122 4.29021 4.28855 2.49976 6.50083 2.49976C8.70999 2.49976 10.5004 4.28708 10.5004 6.49937C10.5004 8.70852 8.71311 10.499 6.50083 10.499Z\" fill=\"#476175\"\/>\r\n\t\t<\/svg>\r\n\t\t<input type=\"search\" class=\"table-search-input\" id=\"table-search-555\" placeholder=\"Table search\">\r\n\t<\/div>\t\r\n\t<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2062%;\"><b>Surface Roughness Type<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.7526%;\"><b>Recommended Applications<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.1598%;\"><b>CNC Machining Time<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.7526%;\"><b>Price Impact<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2062%;\"><b>3.2 \u03bcm Ra<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for parts subjected to stress, loads, and vibrations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common in brackets, automotive engine covers, general tooling fixtures, and machine chassis.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.1598%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Less time is required since there are no additional manufacturing processes.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baseline finish for parts; no extra costs<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2062%;\"><b>1.6 \u03bcm Ra<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ideal for slow-moving surfaces with light loads, such as hydraulic piston rods, slow-speed gearboxes, precision fasteners, and electronic housing.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.1598%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It requires controlled conditions, which add to production time.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increases costs by \u00b12.5%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More complex parts will have higher costs.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2062%;\"><b>0.8 \u03bcm Ra<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Best for high-stress applications or surfaces with occasional motion, such as hydraulic valve components and electronic housings.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.1598%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Produced under highly controlled conditions, increasing production time.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adds \u00b15% to production costs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More complex parts will have higher costs.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 15.2062%;\"><b>0.4 \u03bcm Ra<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recommended for high-speed or high-stress components such as pneumatic cylinder rods, optical components, and precision injection moulds.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.1598%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Requires polishing and advanced processes, taking the most time.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 16.7526%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adds \u00b111-15% to production costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More complex parts will have higher costs.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<style>\r\n\t.custom-table-block table{\r\n\t\theight: initial!important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.search-input-wrapper{\r\n\t\tposition: relative;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 24px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.search-input-wrapper svg{\r\n\t\tposition: absolute;\r\n\t\ttop:50%;\r\n\t\tleft:12px;\r\n\t\ttransform: translateY(-50%);\r\n\t}\r\n\t.table-search-input{\r\n\t\tpadding: 0 0 0 40px;\r\n\t\tborder:1px solid #C1CAD1;\r\n\t\theight: 44px;\r\n\t\twidth: 201px;\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.table-search-input::placeholder{\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th{\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\twhite-space:nowrap;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead{\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 14px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody tr:nth-child(odd){\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #F6F9FF;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody, .custom-table-block thead, .custom-table-block tr, .custom-table-block td, .custom-table-block th{\r\n\t\theight: initial!important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody td{\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\tpadding: 7px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th{\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 700;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tposition: relative;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th:after{\r\n\t\tcontent:\"\";\r\n\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\tbackground-image: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='12' height='8' viewBox='0 0 12 8' fill='none' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.585 0.585938L6 5.17094L1.415 0.585938L0 2.00094L6 8.00094L12 2.00094L10.585 0.585938Z' fill='%23476175'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E%0A\");\r\n\t\tmargin-left: 8px;\r\n\t\tbackground-position: center center;\r\n\t\tbackground-size: 12px 7.5px;\r\n\t\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat;\r\n\t\twidth: 24px;\r\n\t\theight: 12px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block{\r\n\t\tmargin: 20px 0;\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block .table-wrapper{\r\n\t\twidth: 100%;\r\n\t\toverflow-x: auto;\r\n\t}\r\n\t@media(max-width: 768px){\r\n\t\t\/* .custom-table-block tbody td{\r\n\t\t\twhite-space: nowrap;\r\n\t\t} *\/\r\n\t\t.custom-table-block .table-wrapper{\r\n\t\t\tmax-width: calc(100vw - 16px);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/topic\/mirror-polish-finish-for-cnc-parts-quoting-and-drawing-guidelines\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/community-icon-1.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/topic\/mirror-polish-finish-for-cnc-parts-quoting-and-drawing-guidelines\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Mirror polish finish for CNC parts: quoting and drawing guidelines<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"798\" height=\"746\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hlighted-material-table.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-39256\" style=\"max-width:656px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hlighted-material-table.jpg 798w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hlighted-material-table-300x280.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hlighted-material-table-768x718.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hlighted-material-table.jpg\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-22153\" data-caption=\"Visual examples of surface roughness levels\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/hlighted-material-table.jpg\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Visual examples of surface roughness levels<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-postprocessing-operations-impact-the-surface-roughness-of-machined-parts\"><strong>How Post-Processing Operations Impact the Surface Roughness of Machined Parts<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Post-processing techniques, such as bead blasting, electropolishing, anodising, plating, and powder coating, can affect the surface roughness and overall dimensions of the component.&nbsp; The post-processing technique also affects the surface finish of the manufactured component. For a matte or grainy finish, bead blasting is preferred, and a glossy, smooth finish can be achieved through vapour smoothing or electropolishing. Choosing the right technique ensures components meet industry standards and performance requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/articles\/impact-post-processing-dimensional-accuracy\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/as-printed-part-accuracy-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A person using a digital caliper to measure the thickness of a black 3D-printed part, with the caliper\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/articles\/impact-post-processing-dimensional-accuracy\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Impact of Post-Processing on Dimensional Accuracy of Parts<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-is-surface-roughness-measured-nbsp\"><strong>How is Surface Roughness Measured? <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Every CNC machined part leaving the production line has a specific Ra value and other indicators assigned to it. These are measured with advanced methods that leave no room for error. Some of the most commonly used techniques include the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Contact Profilometers:<\/strong> Uses a diamond stylus that slides on the surface of the machined part, and its deflections are recorded.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Contact Profilometers:<\/strong> Uses different techniques to measure surface roughness without physical contact with the machined component. Common techniques include digital holography, laser triangulation, confocal microscopy, and optical profilometry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM):<\/strong> A highly advanced technology that is ideal for measuring surface roughness of smooth surfaces. It employs probes to accurately scan the surfaces of machined parts and provides nanometer-level accuracy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>3D Scanning:<\/strong> Creates surface topography maps, and is one of the most advanced surface roughness measuring techniques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"903\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion-903x1024.png\" alt=\"Illustration of surface roughness calculation\" class=\"wp-image-71550\" style=\"max-width:529px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion-903x1024.png 903w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion-265x300.png 265w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion-768x871.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion-1354x1536.png 1354w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion-1806x2048.png 1806w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion.png 1894w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 903px) 100vw, 903px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-22153\" data-caption=\"Illustration of surface roughness calculation\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/surface-roughness-conversion.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Illustration of surface roughness calculation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/topic\/any-experiences-with-plastic-cnc-machining-pom\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/community-icon-1.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/topic\/any-experiences-with-plastic-cnc-machining-pom\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Any experiences with plastic CNC machining (POM)?<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cnc-machining-surface-roughness-indicators\"><strong>CNC Machining Surface Roughness Indicators<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Roughness indicators help determine the suitability of parts for specific applications based on their functional and aesthetic requirements. Below is an overview of key surface roughness indicators.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ra-average-roughness\"><strong>Ra (Average Roughness)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><strong>Ra<\/strong> is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the absolute deviations of the surface profile from the mean line over the evaluation length. It essentially averages the height differences between peaks and valleys, ignoring their sign, to provide a single roughness value.<\/p>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <div class=\"aside-title\">Ra &#8211; Rz &#8211; N Surface Roughness Conversion Tool<\/div><div class=\"aside-text\"><p>Do you have a Ra, Rz or N roughness value and need to get its equivalent in other units? Use our free tool for that.<\/p>\n<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/tools\/surface-roughness-converter\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/xometry-ra-rz-conversion-tool-1.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/tools\/surface-roughness-converter\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Try out the tool<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-chart-1024x370.png\" alt=\"Ra roughness chart\" class=\"wp-image-37061\" style=\"max-width:602px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-chart-1024x370.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-chart-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-chart-768x277.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-chart.png 1108w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-chart.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-22153\" data-caption=\"Ra roughness chart\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-chart.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ra roughness chart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Rp (Maximum Profile Peak Height): The height of the tallest peak from the mean line.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Rv (Maximum Profile Valley Depth): The depth of the deepest valley from the mean line.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>L: Evaluation length<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Significance: <\/strong>Ra is the most widely used parameter as it provides a general indication of overall surface texture without being overly influenced by extreme peaks or valleys<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Applications: <\/strong>Suitable for general-purpose parts where moderate smoothness is acceptable.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rz-average-maximum-height\"><strong>Rz (Average Maximum Height)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><strong>Rz<\/strong> is the average of the maximum peak-to-valley heights within five equal sampling lengths:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"380\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/rz-chart-1024x380.png\" alt=\"Rz roughness chart\" class=\"wp-image-37085\" style=\"max-width:646px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/rz-chart-1024x380.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/rz-chart-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/rz-chart-768x285.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/rz-chart.png 1079w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/rz-chart.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-22153\" data-caption=\"Rz roughness chart\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/rz-chart.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Rz roughness chart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>From the highest peak to the lowest valley<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>From the second highest peak to the second lowest valley<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>etc. until the fifth\u2019s biggest distance<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Significance:<\/strong> Offers a more detailed representation of surface texture by focusing on extreme variations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Applications:<\/strong> Critical for sealing surfaces or applications where peaks and valleys impact performance.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rt-total-roughness\"><strong>Rt (Total Roughness)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><strong>Rt <\/strong>is the total vertical distance between the highest peak and lowest valley within the evaluation length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Significance:<\/strong> Useful for overall quality control to ensure no extreme deviations exist<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rms-root-mean-square-roughness\"><strong>RMS (Root Mean Square Roughness)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p><strong>RMS<\/strong> is the root mean square average of height deviations from the mean line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Significance:<\/strong> Gives more weight to larger deviations, making it ideal for precision engineering and optical applications.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-comparison-of-indicator-applications\"><strong>Comparison of Indicator Applications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<div class=\"custom-table-block \" id=\"table-id-943\" >\r\n\t<div class=\"search-input-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t<svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n\t\t\t<path d=\"M15.7812 13.833L12.6659 10.7177C12.5252 10.5771 12.3346 10.499 12.1347 10.499H11.6253C12.4877 9.39596 13.0002 8.00859 13.0002 6.49937C13.0002 2.90909 10.0911 0 6.50083 0C2.91056 0 0.00146484 2.90909 0.00146484 6.49937C0.00146484 10.0896 2.91056 12.9987 6.50083 12.9987C8.01006 12.9987 9.39742 12.4863 10.5004 11.6239V12.1332C10.5004 12.3332 10.5786 12.5238 10.7192 12.6644L13.8345 15.7797C14.1282 16.0734 14.6032 16.0734 14.8938 15.7797L15.778 14.8954C16.0718 14.6017 16.0718 14.1267 15.7812 13.833ZM6.50083 10.499C4.29167 10.499 2.50122 8.71165 2.50122 6.49937C2.50122 4.29021 4.28855 2.49976 6.50083 2.49976C8.70999 2.49976 10.5004 4.28708 10.5004 6.49937C10.5004 8.70852 8.71311 10.499 6.50083 10.499Z\" fill=\"#476175\"\/>\r\n\t\t<\/svg>\r\n\t\t<input type=\"search\" class=\"table-search-input\" id=\"table-search-943\" placeholder=\"Table search\">\r\n\t<\/div>\t\r\n\t<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"><b>Indicator<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0722%;\"><b>Usage Frequency<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7062%;\"><b>Focus<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1753%;\"><b>Sensitivity to Outliers<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.4794%;\"><b>Use Case<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"><b>Ra<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0722%;\">Most commonly used worldwide<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7062%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average deviation of surface heights from the mean line<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1753%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.4794%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General-purpose applications; widely used for machining, casting, and grinding processes.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"><b>Rz<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0722%;\">Second most commonly used after Ra<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7062%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Average of maximum peak-to-valley heights across sampling lengths<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1753%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moderate<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.4794%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Critical interfaces like sealing surfaces, load-bearing parts, and wear-prone components.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"><b>RMS<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0722%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Less common but used in precision applications<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7062%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Root mean square of height deviations from the mean line<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1753%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moderate to High<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.4794%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Precision engineering, optics, and applications where larger deviations must be emphasized.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 10.3093%;\"><b>Rt<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.0722%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Least commonly used<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 27.7062%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total height difference between the highest peak and the lowest valley over the evaluation length<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.1753%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 28.4794%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detecting extreme surface defects; useful for quality control in critical applications.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<style>\r\n\t.custom-table-block table{\r\n\t\theight: initial!important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.search-input-wrapper{\r\n\t\tposition: relative;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 24px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.search-input-wrapper svg{\r\n\t\tposition: absolute;\r\n\t\ttop:50%;\r\n\t\tleft:12px;\r\n\t\ttransform: translateY(-50%);\r\n\t}\r\n\t.table-search-input{\r\n\t\tpadding: 0 0 0 40px;\r\n\t\tborder:1px solid #C1CAD1;\r\n\t\theight: 44px;\r\n\t\twidth: 201px;\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.table-search-input::placeholder{\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th{\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\twhite-space:nowrap;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead{\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 14px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody tr:nth-child(odd){\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #F6F9FF;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody, .custom-table-block thead, .custom-table-block tr, .custom-table-block td, .custom-table-block th{\r\n\t\theight: initial!important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody td{\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\tpadding: 7px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th{\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 700;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tposition: relative;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th:after{\r\n\t\tcontent:\"\";\r\n\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\tbackground-image: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='12' height='8' viewBox='0 0 12 8' fill='none' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.585 0.585938L6 5.17094L1.415 0.585938L0 2.00094L6 8.00094L12 2.00094L10.585 0.585938Z' fill='%23476175'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E%0A\");\r\n\t\tmargin-left: 8px;\r\n\t\tbackground-position: center center;\r\n\t\tbackground-size: 12px 7.5px;\r\n\t\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat;\r\n\t\twidth: 24px;\r\n\t\theight: 12px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block{\r\n\t\tmargin: 20px 0;\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block .table-wrapper{\r\n\t\twidth: 100%;\r\n\t\toverflow-x: auto;\r\n\t}\r\n\t@media(max-width: 768px){\r\n\t\t\/* .custom-table-block tbody td{\r\n\t\t\twhite-space: nowrap;\r\n\t\t} *\/\r\n\t\t.custom-table-block .table-wrapper{\r\n\t\t\tmax-width: calc(100vw - 16px);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n\n\n<p>Since Ra and Rz are the most commonly used indicators, the following sections of this article review these measurement systems.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"n-roughness-grade-numbers-din-iso-1302\"><strong>N \u2013 Roughness Grade Numbers (DIN ISO 1302)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Speaking about <strong>Ra<\/strong> it is important to mention <strong>DIN ISO 1302 <\/strong>standard and <strong>N<\/strong> (<strong>Roughness Grade Numbers<\/strong>). It is a standardized system used to classify surface roughness in engineering and manufacturing. These grades, ranging from N1 (finest) to N12 (roughest), correspond to specific maximum Ra values and are commonly used on technical drawings to specify surface finish requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"connection-between-ra-rz-and-n\"><strong>Connection between Ra, Rz and N<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ra \u2013 N: <\/strong>As mentioned above, N1-N12 values directly represent specific Ra values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ra \u2013 Rz: not directly convertible since they measure different surface characteristics.<\/strong> However:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Statistical analysis allows us to define a possible range of Rz values for each Ra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For any given Ra, there is a range of potential Rz values, and vice versa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As surface roughness increases, the range of Rz values becomes less precise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The chart below illustrates this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A surface with an <strong>Ra of 3.2 \u00b5m<\/strong> can have an <strong>Rz roughness between 11.5 and 34.7 \u00b5m<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A surface with an <strong>Ra of 50 \u00b5m<\/strong> may have an <strong>Rz roughness between 156.2 and 272.6 \u00b5m<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"618\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart-1024x618.png\" alt=\"Ra Rz roughness chart\" class=\"wp-image-37073\" style=\"max-width:652px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart-1024x618.png 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart-768x463.png 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart-1536x927.png 1536w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart.png 1598w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart.png\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-22153\" data-caption=\"Ra Rz roughness chart\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/ra-to-rz-chart.png\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ra Rz roughness chart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"surface-roughness-grades\"><strong>Surface Roughness Grades<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>The table below outlines N1\u2013N12 values, their corresponding Ra values, and the statistical range of Rz values for each Ra. For added convenience, you can also use our online <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/tools\/surface-roughness-converter\/\">surface roughness conversion tool<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"custom-table-block table-with-white-space\" id=\"table-id-317\" >\r\n\t<div class=\"search-input-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t<svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\r\n\t\t\t<path d=\"M15.7812 13.833L12.6659 10.7177C12.5252 10.5771 12.3346 10.499 12.1347 10.499H11.6253C12.4877 9.39596 13.0002 8.00859 13.0002 6.49937C13.0002 2.90909 10.0911 0 6.50083 0C2.91056 0 0.00146484 2.90909 0.00146484 6.49937C0.00146484 10.0896 2.91056 12.9987 6.50083 12.9987C8.01006 12.9987 9.39742 12.4863 10.5004 11.6239V12.1332C10.5004 12.3332 10.5786 12.5238 10.7192 12.6644L13.8345 15.7797C14.1282 16.0734 14.6032 16.0734 14.8938 15.7797L15.778 14.8954C16.0718 14.6017 16.0718 14.1267 15.7812 13.833ZM6.50083 10.499C4.29167 10.499 2.50122 8.71165 2.50122 6.49937C2.50122 4.29021 4.28855 2.49976 6.50083 2.49976C8.70999 2.49976 10.5004 4.28708 10.5004 6.49937C10.5004 8.70852 8.71311 10.499 6.50083 10.499Z\" fill=\"#476175\"\/>\r\n\t\t<\/svg>\r\n\t\t<input type=\"search\" class=\"table-search-input\" id=\"table-search-317\" placeholder=\"Table search\">\r\n\t<\/div>\t\r\n\t<div class=\"table-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 776px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 104px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 104px;\"><strong>Roughness Grade<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 104px;\"><b>Ra (\u00b5m)<br \/>\nMetric Units<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 104px;\"><b>Metrics Rz (\u00b5m)<br \/>\nMetric Units<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 104px;\"><b>Ra (\u00b5in)<br \/>\nImperial Units<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 104px;\"><b>Rz(\u00b5in)<br \/>\nImperial Units<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">156.245-272.644<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2000<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6249.8-10905.7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">156.2-272.6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1000<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3235.1-6484.6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">12.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">80.9-162.1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">500<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1674.6-3855.8<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8.3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">21.8-57.7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">250<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">873.4-2306.4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11.5-34.7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">125<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">458.9-1387.7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5.9-20.6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">63<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">237.6-825.1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3.1-12.3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">32<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">123.0-490.6<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.6-7.3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">63.7-291.7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.8-4.3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">32.9-173.5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.4-2.6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">17.1-103.1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.05<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.2-1.5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8.8-61.3<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 20%; height: 56px;\"><strong>N1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.025<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.6443%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.1-0.9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.9485%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 24.3557%; height: 56px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4.6-36.5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<style>\r\n\t.custom-table-block table{\r\n\t\theight: initial!important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.search-input-wrapper{\r\n\t\tposition: relative;\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 24px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.search-input-wrapper svg{\r\n\t\tposition: absolute;\r\n\t\ttop:50%;\r\n\t\tleft:12px;\r\n\t\ttransform: translateY(-50%);\r\n\t}\r\n\t.table-search-input{\r\n\t\tpadding: 0 0 0 40px;\r\n\t\tborder:1px solid #C1CAD1;\r\n\t\theight: 44px;\r\n\t\twidth: 201px;\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.table-search-input::placeholder{\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th{\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\twhite-space:nowrap;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead{\r\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 14px;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody tr:nth-child(odd){\r\n\t\tbackground-color: #F6F9FF;\r\n\t}\r\n\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody, .custom-table-block thead, .custom-table-block tr, .custom-table-block td, .custom-table-block th{\r\n\t\theight: initial!important;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block tbody td{\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 400;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\tpadding: 7px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th{\r\n\t\tfont-family: Open Sans;\r\n\t\tfont-size: 16px;\r\n\t\tfont-weight: 700;\r\n\t\tline-height: 24px;\r\n\t\tletter-spacing: 0em;\r\n\t\ttext-align: left;\r\n\t\tcolor:#092C47;\r\n\t\tposition: relative;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block thead th:after{\r\n\t\tcontent:\"\";\r\n\t\tdisplay: inline-block;\r\n\t\tbackground-image: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='12' height='8' viewBox='0 0 12 8' fill='none' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.585 0.585938L6 5.17094L1.415 0.585938L0 2.00094L6 8.00094L12 2.00094L10.585 0.585938Z' fill='%23476175'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E%0A\");\r\n\t\tmargin-left: 8px;\r\n\t\tbackground-position: center center;\r\n\t\tbackground-size: 12px 7.5px;\r\n\t\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat;\r\n\t\twidth: 24px;\r\n\t\theight: 12px;\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block{\r\n\t\tmargin: 20px 0;\t\r\n\t}\r\n\t.custom-table-block .table-wrapper{\r\n\t\twidth: 100%;\r\n\t\toverflow-x: auto;\r\n\t}\r\n\t@media(max-width: 768px){\r\n\t\t\/* .custom-table-block tbody td{\r\n\t\t\twhite-space: nowrap;\r\n\t\t} *\/\r\n\t\t.custom-table-block .table-wrapper{\r\n\t\t\tmax-width: calc(100vw - 16px);\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/topic\/bead-blasting-impact-of-surface-roughness\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/community-icon-1.svg\" alt=\"\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/topic\/bead-blasting-impact-of-surface-roughness\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Bead blasting impact of surface roughness<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"roughness-grades-achievable-and-not-achievable-with-cnc-machining\"><strong>Roughness Grades Achievable and not Achievable with CNC Machining<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>The table below provides an overview of the manufacturing methods used to achieve each roughness grade, with the most common surfaces achievable through CNC machining highlighted<strong> in blue<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n    <div class=\"fancybox-image-block\">\r\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/roughness-grades-cnc-machining.png\"  data-fancybox=\"gallery\" class=\"slide-fancybox fancybox_title\" title=\"\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/roughness-grades-cnc-machining.png\" class=\"fancybox-image-block__img\" style=\"width:700;height: 600;\" >\r\n                    <figcaption><\/figcaption>\r\n                <\/a>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-to-choose-the-most-suitable-cnc-machining-surface-roughness\"><strong>How To Choose the Most Suitable CNC Machining Surface Roughness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Selecting the most appropriate CNC machining surface roughness is crucial for ensuring optimal performance, cost-efficiency, and suitability for the intended application. Several factors must be carefully evaluated to make the best choice, ranging from the component\u2019s functionality to its material properties and design complexity. Below are the key considerations to guide your decision-making process:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Functionality and Purpose<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consider the specific function of the CNC machined parts, as surface roughness directly impacts performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For components like pneumatic cylinder rods and optical parts, smooth surfaces are essential (e.g., 0.4 \u03bcm Ra).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Refer to the comparison chart for recommended Ra values tailored to various applications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cost and Lead Time<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Smoother surfaces require longer machining times and increase production costs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For non-critical components, a surface roughness of 3.2 \u03bcm Ra can save time and reduce expenses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aesthetics<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consumer-facing products benefit from smooth, glossy finishes that convey higher quality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hidden parts, such as suspension system components, may not require aesthetic finishes, reducing production demands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Material Properties<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The achievable surface roughness depends on the material.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aluminium can achieve Ra values between 0.1 \u00b5m and 1 \u00b5m, while materials like steel may have higher limits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Part Geometry<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Complex designs with intricate geometries require more time and advanced equipment to achieve lower Ra values.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For tight budgets and deadlines, consider rougher surface finishes to balance cost and feasibility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ordering-cnc-machined-parts-nbsp\"><strong>Ordering CNC Machined Parts <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Understanding surface roughness is key to ensuring your components perform as needed. Whether you\u2019re working on precision gears for aerospace or durable engine covers for vehicles, the right roughness level directly impacts quality and functionality. With this knowledge, you can make informed decisions and optimize your next project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xometry offers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xometry.com\/capabilities\/cnc-machining-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CNC machining solutions<\/a> tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need smooth finishes or complex geometries, our engineers are ready to assist. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xometry.com\/quoting\/home\/?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Upload your CAD files<\/a> and get an instant quote.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f5f7f8;color:#f5f7f8\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-ra-rz-n-surface-roughness-conversion-tool\"><strong>Ra &#8211; Rz &#8211; N Surface Roughness Conversion Tool<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Do you have a Ra, Rz or N roughness value and need to get its equivalent in other units? Use our free tool for that.<\/p>\n\n\n    <div class=\"button-block\" style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/en\/tools\/surface-roughness-converter\/\" target=\"\" class=\"button-block__btn btn_blue\">\r\n                        Try It Now                    <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"102\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/xometry-ra-rz-conversion-tool.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37630\" style=\"max-width:210px;height:auto\"\/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/xometry-ra-rz-conversion-tool.svg\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-22153\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/xometry-ra-rz-conversion-tool.svg\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":17941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[],"c-tag-articles":[],"global-tag":[11],"class_list":["post-22153","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","global-tag-cnc-machining"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.7 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CNC Machining Surface Roughness: Indicators &amp; 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