{"id":23594,"date":"2023-09-08T12:12:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T12:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/articles\/3d-printing-fdm-overview\/"},"modified":"2025-11-10T09:41:19","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T08:41:19","slug":"impression-3d-fdm-technologie","status":"publish","type":"articles","link":"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/fr\/articles\/impression-3d-fdm-technologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) : aper\u00e7u d&rsquo;une technologie d\u2019impression 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"<div role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Table des mati\u00e8res\" class=\"simpletoc wp-block-simpletoc-toc\"><h2 class=\"simpletoc-title\">Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#h-comment-fonctionne-l-impression-3d-fdm\">Comment fonctionne l\u2019impression 3D FDM ?<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h-materiaux-pour-l-impression-3d-fdm\">Mat\u00e9riaux pour l\u2019impression 3D FDM<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#h-avantages-de-la-technologie-fdm-en-impression-3d\">Avantages de la technologie FDM en impression 3D<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"#h-inconvenients-de-l-impression-3d-fdm\">Inconv\u00e9nients de l\u2019impression 3D FDM<\/a>\n\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"#h-services-d-impression-3d-fdm-de-xometry\">Services d\u2019impression 3D FDM de Xometry<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-depot-de-fil-fondu-fdm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling ou d\u00e9p\u00f4t de fil fondu en fran\u00e7ais)<\/a> est une technologie d\u2019impression 3D bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019extrusion de polym\u00e8res thermoplastiques. Ces derniers, fournis sous la forme de filaments, constituent le mat\u00e9riau de fabrication du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 FDM : d\u2019abord fondu, il est ensuite d\u00e9pos\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on s\u00e9lective, couche apr\u00e8s couche, selon un chemin d\u00e9fini par le mod\u00e8le CAO d\u2019origine. B\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019une haute pr\u00e9cision, d\u2019un large choix de mat\u00e9riaux diff\u00e9rents et de co\u00fbts peu \u00e9lev\u00e9s, c\u2019est l\u2019une des technologies d\u2019impression 3D les plus utilis\u00e9es dans le monde.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-comment-fonctionne-l-impression-3d-fdm\"><strong>Comment fonctionne l\u2019impression 3D FDM ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La technologie FDM fait usage de filaments thermoplastiques : ces derniers sont d\u2019abord fondus avant d\u2019\u00eatre solidifi\u00e9 \u00e0 nouveau pour fa\u00e7onner l\u2019ouvrage d\u00e9fini par le mod\u00e8le CAO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une imprimante FDM comporte deux bobines diff\u00e9rentes : une premi\u00e8re pour le mat\u00e9riau de fabrication et une seconde pour le mat\u00e9riau servant au support.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fdm_icon.gif\" alt=\"FDM icon animation\" class=\"wp-image-1825\" style=\"max-width:259px;max-height:259px\"\/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fdm_icon.gif\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-23594\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/fdm_icon.gif\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"GDVOzanj21M-69eee29562045\" data-video-id=\"GDVOzanj21M\" class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-wrapper\" style=\"width:100%;height:56.25%;padding-top:56.25%;\" data-new-window=\"\" data-yt-parameters=\"WyJtYXgtd2lkdGg9XHUyMDFjNTAwcHhcIiJd\"><picture class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnail\"><source media=\"(min-width:640px)\" type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/GDVOzanj21M\/GDVOzanj21M_hq720.webp\"><source media=\"(min-width:640px)\" type=\"image\/jpeg\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/GDVOzanj21M\/GDVOzanj21M_hq720.jpg\"><source media=\"(min-width:320px)\" type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/GDVOzanj21M\/GDVOzanj21M_sddefault.webp\"><source media=\"(min-width:320px)\" type=\"image\/jpeg\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/GDVOzanj21M\/GDVOzanj21M_sddefault.jpg\"><source media=\"(min-width:240px)\" type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/GDVOzanj21M\/GDVOzanj21M_hqdefault.webp\"><source media=\"(min-width:240px)\" type=\"image\/jpeg\" srcset=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/GDVOzanj21M\/GDVOzanj21M_hqdefault.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/ma-gdpr-youtube-thumbnails\/GDVOzanj21M\/GDVOzanj21M_mqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/picture><svg class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-button\"><use xlink:href=\"#ma-gdpr-youtube-play-button\"><\/use><\/svg><div class=\"ma-gdpr-youtube-notice\" style=\"font-size:.7em;\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 FDM en lui-m\u00eame s\u2019effectue selon les \u00e9tapes suivantes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c9tape 1<\/strong> : une fois les donn\u00e9es CAO charg\u00e9es, le mat\u00e9riau de fabrication est amen\u00e9 \u00e0 son point de fusion gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la chaleur fournie par une t\u00eate chauffante.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9tape 2<\/strong> : le plastique fondu est alors d\u00e9pos\u00e9 sous la forme d\u2019une fine couche, \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un extrudeur, sur une plateforme en mousse. L\u2019extrudeur est capable de se mouvoir dans toutes les directions et suit un chemin d\u00e9fini par les donn\u00e9es CAO fournies. Ce processus d\u2019empilement de couches liquides et semi-solides est alors r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ach\u00e8vement de l\u2019ouvrage. Si le mod\u00e8le comporte des \u00e9l\u00e9ments en surplomb ou susceptibles de se tordre, voire de se d\u00e9former, l\u2019utilisation de structures de maintien est alors n\u00e9cessaire, structures qui seront \u00e9labor\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce au mat\u00e9riau servant au support (qui pourra \u00eatre le m\u00eame que le mat\u00e9riau de fabrication, on n\u2019importe quel autre mat\u00e9riau compatible).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9tape 3<\/strong> : si des structures de maintien sont utilis\u00e9es, elles seront retir\u00e9es une fois l\u2019impression achev\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-materiaux-pour-l-impression-3d-fdm\"><strong>Mat\u00e9riaux pour l\u2019impression 3D FDM<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Parmi les plastiques rigides les plus commun\u00e9ment utilis\u00e9s pour l\u2019impression 3D FDM, Xometry offre les options suivantes : ABS, ABS ESD7, ABS M30, ASA, Nylon PA12, Nylon PA12 renforc\u00e9 aux fibres de carbone, Polyamide 12 renforc\u00e9 aux fibres de carbone, PC-ABS Polycarbonate, PC-ISO Polycarbonate, PC et assimil\u00e9s translucides et r\u00e9sistants \u00e0 la chaleur, PC-Polycarbonate, PLA, PETG, PEEK, ULTEM 1010 et ULTEM 9085.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/fr\/materiaux\/asa\/\">L\u2019acrylonitrile styr\u00e8ne acrylate (ASA)<\/a>, un thermoplastique amorphe dot\u00e9 d\u2019une meilleure r\u00e9sistance aux intemp\u00e9ries, est \u00e9norm\u00e9ment utilis\u00e9 en prototypage, notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses excellentes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques. Il est, de plus, disponible en un large choix de coloris diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>\n\n\n    <section class=\"article-slider-block\">\r\n        <div class=\"article-content-wrapper\">\r\n            <!-- Swiper -->\r\n            <div class=\"swiper mySwiper2 article-slider-display\">\r\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\r\n                                                <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                <div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\"  src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-petg-as-printed-front-sample-part-xometry.webp\" alt=\"\"\r\n                                    >\r\n                                    <a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-petg-as-printed-front-sample-part-xometry.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\" data-caption=\"FDM PETG tel qu&rsquo;imprim\u00e9\" aria-label=\"Open full image\">\r\n                                        <img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-petg-as-printed-front-sample-part-xometry.webp\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\">\r\n                                        <svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"article-slider-text\">\r\n                                    <p>FDM PETG tel qu&rsquo;imprim\u00e9<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                            \r\n                                                        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                <div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\"  src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-asa-black-front-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1.webp\" alt=\"\"\r\n                                    >\r\n                                    <a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-asa-black-front-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\" data-caption=\"FDM ASA noir tel qu&rsquo;imprim\u00e9\" aria-label=\"Open full image\">\r\n                                        <img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-asa-black-front-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1.webp\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\">\r\n                                        <svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"article-slider-text\">\r\n                                    <p>FDM ASA noir tel qu&rsquo;imprim\u00e9<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                            \r\n                                                        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                                <div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\">\r\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\"  src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-frontsample-part-xometry.webp\" alt=\"\"\r\n                                    >\r\n                                    <a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-frontsample-part-xometry.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery\" data-caption=\"FDM PLA tel qu&rsquo;imprim\u00e9\" aria-label=\"Open full image\">\r\n                                        <img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-frontsample-part-xometry.webp\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\">\r\n                                        <svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                            <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"><\/path>\r\n                                        <\/svg>\r\n                                    <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"article-slider-text\">\r\n                                    <p>FDM PLA tel qu&rsquo;imprim\u00e9<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                            \r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            <div thumbsSlider=\"\" class=\"swiper mySwiper article-slider-list\">\r\n                <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-petg-as-printed-front-sample-part-xometry.webp\" alt=\"\">\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-asa-black-front-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1.webp\" alt=\"\">\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                                <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-frontsample-part-xometry.webp\" alt=\"\">\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                                        <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n    \n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-avantages-de-la-technologie-fdm-en-impression-3d\"><strong>Avantages de la technologie FDM en impression 3D<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Les facteurs \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s ci-dessous permettent d\u2019expliquer en quoi le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 FDM est aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019une des technologies d\u2019impression 3D les plus populaires.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-competitivite\"><strong>Comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>La technologie FDM est l\u2019un des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s d\u2019impression 3D les moins co\u00fbteux et reste l\u2019option id\u00e9ale en cas de fabrication de lots de taille r\u00e9duite ou de pi\u00e8ces uniques, surtout compar\u00e9e \u00e0 des alternatives plus on\u00e9reuses (comme les technologies <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-stereolithographie-sla\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SLA<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-frittage-selectif-par-laser-sls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SLS<\/a>). De plus, le mat\u00e9riau de fabrication est meilleur march\u00e9 et facilement disponible, ce qui rend tout le processus de prototypage (sans parler des multiples it\u00e9rations de conception) plus \u00e9conomique qu\u2019avec les autres technologies.Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 permet \u00e9galement de faire des \u00e9conomies en coloration et en traitement de surface, car il permet de faire des impressions directement en couleur, impressions qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un rendu de surface relativement bon tel quel, sans n\u00e9cessiter d\u2019autres op\u00e9rations de post-usinage.<\/p>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/fr\/articles\/impression-3d-sla-vs-fdm\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/fdm-sla-3d-priting-comparison.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/fr\/articles\/impression-3d-sla-vs-fdm\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Comparatif des technologies d\u2019impression 3D : SLA vs. FDM<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-delais-de-fabrication-raccourcis\"><strong>D\u00e9lais de fabrication raccourcis<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>En termes de vitesse d\u2019impression, la technologie FDM est plus rapide que de nombreux autres proc\u00e9d\u00e9s. Les filaments d\u2019impression \u00e9tant ais\u00e9ment disponibles, les temps d\u2019ex\u00e9cution ne sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas un probl\u00e8me, y compris pour les lots de taille plus importante. \u00c0 titre d\u2019exemple, Xometry peut livrer des pi\u00e8ces imprim\u00e9es en FDM en un minimum de 3 jours ouvr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-possibilite-de-faire-des-impressions-en-couleur\"><strong>Possibilit\u00e9 de faire des impressions en couleur<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Les impressions FDM offrent d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus de 40 couleurs diff\u00e9rentes, et l\u2019offre ne cesse de s\u2019\u00e9toffer jour apr\u00e8s jour. La couleur finale de la pi\u00e8ce imprim\u00e9e est exactement la m\u00eame que celle du filament utilis\u00e9. Si la couleur voulue n\u2019est pas obtenue, une correction en post-usinage (par teinture ou peinture) est toujours possible.<\/p>\n\n\n    <aside class=\"article-content-aside\">\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/fr\/articles\/impression-3d-couleur\/\" class=\"aside-image sidebar__aside-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Coloured-3D-printed-parts.jpg\" alt=\"Colored 3D printed parts\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/fr\/articles\/impression-3d-couleur\/\" class=\"aside-link\">Impression 3D couleur : aper\u00e7u des options disponibles<\/a>    <\/aside>\r\n    \n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-moins-de-dechets-produits\"><strong>Moins de d\u00e9chets produits<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Les imprimantes FDM fonctionnent en faisant fondre un filament plastique qui se re-solidifie ensuite, ce qui fait que peu de d\u00e9chets sont produits, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse d\u2019autres technologies d\u2019impression 3D, comme le <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-multi-jet-fusion\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MJF<\/a> ou le <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-frittage-selectif-par-laser-sls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SLS<\/a> qui, elles, sont bas\u00e9es sur des poudres et ont une tendance prononc\u00e9e au g\u00e2chis. Un design con\u00e7u judicieusement permet \u00e9galement de se passer des structures de maintien.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-grande-variete-de-materiaux\"><strong>Grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de mat\u00e9riaux<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Plus de 10 vari\u00e9t\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes de filaments plastiques sont disponibles pour l\u2019impression FDM, avec une gamme de r\u00e9sistance \u00e9tendue (PP, TPU, Nylon PA, ABS, PETG, PLA, PC par ordre ascendant de r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction), ce qui conf\u00e8re au proc\u00e9d\u00e9 FDM une liste impressionnante de mat\u00e9riaux d\u2019impression. Le choix du mat\u00e9riau se fait \u00e0 la discr\u00e9tion du fabricant, en fonction des besoins du projet. Les mat\u00e9riaux \u00e9tant tr\u00e8s souvent utilis\u00e9s, ils sont facilement disponibles et \u00e0 des prix tr\u00e8s raisonnables.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-inconvenients-de-l-impression-3d-fdm\"><strong>Inconv\u00e9nients de l\u2019impression 3D FDM<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>En d\u00e9pit de ses avantages ind\u00e9niables, la technologie FDM souffre d\u2019un certain nombre d\u2019inconv\u00e9nients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"epaisseur-de-couche-significative\">\u00c9paisseur de couche significative<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>Compar\u00e9es aux pi\u00e8ces imprim\u00e9es avec des r\u00e9sines, dans le cadre des technologies <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-stereolithographie-sla\/\">SL<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-stereolithographie-sla\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-carbon-dls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DLS de Carbon<\/a>, les impressions FDM ne sont pas lisses : l\u2019empilement de mati\u00e8re plastique fondue couche apr\u00e8s couche fait qu\u2019il se cr\u00e9e un \u00ab effet d\u2019escalier \u00bb assez \u00e9vident. L\u2019image ci-dessous illustre cet effet et montre bien la surface rugueuse obtenue. De plus, le m\u00e9canisme d\u2019adh\u00e9rence des couches entre elles rend les ouvrages FDM anisotropes. Obtenir une surface plus lisse demande d\u2019effectuer une op\u00e9ration de post-usinage, ce qui implique des surco\u00fbts additionnels.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class=\"wp-block-image__wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"FDM PLA Closeup\" class=\"wp-image-1315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1-1536x1024.webp 1536w, https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1-2048x1366.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><a class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button\" href=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1.webp\" data-fancybox=\"gallery-23594\" data-caption=\"\" aria-label=\"Open full image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/xometry.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/fdm-pla-closeup-sample-part-xometry-scaled-1.webp\" class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><svg class=\"wp-block-image__fancy-box-button-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n               <path d=\"M0 2V6H2V2H6V0H2C0.895 0 0 0.895 0 2ZM2 12H0V16C0 17.105 0.895 18 2 18H6V16H2V12ZM16 16H12V18H16C17.105 18 18 17.105 18 16V12H16V16ZM16 0H12V2H16V6H18V2C18 0.895 17.105 0 16 0Z\" fill=\"#092C47\"\/>\r\n             <\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-effet-de-suintement-sur-les-petits-elements\"><strong>Effet de suintement sur les petits \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<p>En raison de l\u2019utilisation de mati\u00e8re plastique fondue, les impressions FDM ont tendance \u00e0 subir un effet de suintement, en particulier sur les petits \u00e9l\u00e9ments. La cons\u00e9quence \u00e9tant que le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 d\u2019impression 3D FDM souffre de la plus basse r\u00e9solution et exactitude dimensionnelle (compar\u00e9 aux autres technologies d\u2019impression 3D) ce qui le rend impropre \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019ouvrages comportant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9licats ou complexes. La technologie FDM reste n\u00e9anmoins une bonne option pour le prototypage (o\u00f9 les d\u00e9tails minutieux n\u2019ont pas une grande importance), mais si jamais ce genre de d\u00e9tails, ou la pr\u00e9cision dimensionnelle, sont importants, alors il faudra consid\u00e9rer l\u2019utilisation d\u2019un autre proc\u00e9d\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-services-d-impression-3d-fdm-de-xometry\"><strong>Services d\u2019impression 3D FDM de Xometry<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Xometry Europe offre <a href=\"https:\/\/xometry.eu\/fr\/impression-3d-depot-de-fil-fondu-fdm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">des services en ligne d\u2019impression 3D FDM<\/a> pour vos projets d\u2019impression 3D \u00e0 la demande. Fort d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de plus de 2000 ateliers partenaires, r\u00e9partis dans toute l\u2019Europe, Xometry se fait fort de vous livrer vos pi\u00e8ces imprim\u00e9es en FDM dans un d\u00e9lai de 3 jours. Importez vos fichiers CAO sur notre <a href=\"https:\/\/get.xometry.eu\/?locale=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">plateforme de devis instantan\u00e9<\/a> pour obtenir un devis en quelques secondes et profitez des diff\u00e9rentes options disponibles pour l\u2019impression 3D FDM.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":5798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[],"c-tag-articles":[],"global-tag":[485],"class_list":["post-23594","articles","type-articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","global-tag-impression-3d"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.7 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fused Deposition Modeling, technologie impression 3D | Xometry Pro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tout ce que vous devez savoir sur la technologie FDM : fonctionnement, mat\u00e9riaux compatibles, 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