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Home Xometry Community Manufacturing Shrink-fitting a thin stainless sleeve into a thick steel housing

Shrink-fitting a thin stainless sleeve into a thick steel housing

H
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Hi! I’m working on a shrink-fit joint where a thin-walled 304 stainless sleeve is installed into a bored pocket in a much larger 4140 steel housing. The sleeve carries only light axial loads, but I want to size the interference so the hoop stress doesn’t crush or ovalise it. Most interference-fit guidance assumes shaft-and-hub geometry, which doesn’t translate well to a thin liner. How do you estimate hoop stress for a thin sleeve-in-bore to pick a safe fit?

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    • H

      Hi! I’m working on a shrink-fit joint where a thin-walled 304 stainless sleeve is installed into a bored pocket in a much larger 4140 steel housing. The sleeve carries only light axial loads, but I want to size the interference so the hoop stress doesn’t crush or ovalise it. Most interference-fit guidance assumes shaft-and-hub geometry, which doesn’t translate well to a thin liner. How do you estimate hoop stress for a thin sleeve-in-bore to pick a safe fit?

      Reply
    • N

      Hoop stress is a lot more sensitive than in thick hub cases. A simple approach is to treat the sleeve as a thin-walled cylinder and the housing as rigid, then use the basic Lame’s equations for hoop stress:

      σθ = pr/t

      p = radial interference pressure, r = sleeve mean radius, t = sleeve wall thickness.

      The interference sets p via: p = (δi/r) x (Es/(1−𝝂s2p); with δi = radial interference, Es​ – stainless steel bulk modulus, 𝝂s​ = stainless Poisson’s ratio.

      Axial stress is usually negligible for light loading, unless you have long, thin sleeves with end constraints. The key is that thin wall = high stress for small interference. Keep hoop stress < ~0.4–0.5·σ_y of 304 stainless (about 205 MPa yield) to avoid permanent ovalisation.

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Shrink-fitting a thin stainless sleeve into a thick steel housing
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